Solar panel | Solar panel are components that convert sunlight into electricity using photovoltaic cells. These are an green and renewable energy source, minimizing reliance on carbon-based fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel |
Solar thermal collector | A solar energy collector is a system that captures sunlight to produce heat, typically used for water heating or space heating applications. It successfully converts solar energy into thermal energy, decreasing reliance on standard energy sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_collector |
Solar thermal energy | Solar thermal energy harnesses sunlight to generate warmth, which can be used for water heating systems, space warming, or electricity generation. It is a renewable and eco-friendly technology that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and lowers GHG emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy |
Worthing | Worthing is a picturesque seaside town in West Sussex, England, known for its historic pier and vibrant promenade. It offers a enchanting blend of beaches with soft sands, cultural attractions, and outdoor activities perfect for visitors and residents alike. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worthing |
England | England is a historic and historic-influenced country in the UK known for its wealthy cultural traditions, notable attractions, and bustling cities like the capital. It boasts a diverse landscape of undulating terrain, old castles, and lively city hubs that mix tradition with contemporary advancements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England |
Sunlight | Daylight is the environmental radiance emitted by the star, crucial for living organisms on Earth as it provides fuel for photosynthesis and affects climate and weather patterns. It also adds to our well-being by synchronizing our circadian rhythms and enhancing vitamin D production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight |
Electricity | Electricity is a kind of power resulting from the motion of ions, primarily negatively charged particles. It drives numerous devices and networks, facilitating today’s lifestyle and technological advancements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity |
Photovoltaic | Photovoltaic technology converts solar radiation directly into power using photovoltaic panels composed of semi-conductor materials. It is a renewable energy source that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and helps mitigate environmental impact. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic |
Electrons | Electrons are fundamental particles with a reversed electric charge that orbit the nucleus of an atom, playing a key role in chemical reactions and electricity. Their behavior and interactions influence the electrical conductivity and chemical properties of elements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons |
Direct current | Direct current is the single-direction flow of electric charge, generally produced by cell packs, power sources, and photovoltaic cells. It provides a steady voltage or current, rendering it crucial for electronic devices and low voltage. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current |
Battery (electricity) | A cell is a instrument that holds chemical energy and converts it into electric power to run various electronic gadgets. It comprises several galvanic cells, each comprising electrode pairs divided by an ionic solution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) |
Photovoltaic system | An solar power system converts solar radiation directly into electricity using photovoltaic panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is an environmentally friendly energy solution that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and supports renewable power generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system |
Solar inverter | A solar inverter is a device that converts DC produced by solar panels into AC appropriate for household use and utility connection. It plays a crucial role in optimizing energy use and providing reliable, consistent electricity delivery from solar energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_inverter |
Alternating current | AC is an electric current that flips polarity regularly, typically used in domestic and business power supplies. It enables efficient transmission of electricity over long distances and is marked by its voltage and current waveforms, usually sinusoidal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current |
Charge controller | A charge regulator is a device that controls the voltage and electric current coming from a solar panel to avoid batteries from overcharging and harm. It provides optimal energy flow and prolongs the lifespan of the battery system. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_controller |
Measuring instrument | A measurement device is a tool used to determine the dimension, volume, or degree of something accurately. It includes tools like scales, temperature sensors, and pressure gauges that provide exact readings for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrument |
Solar tracker | A solar tracker is a mechanism that automatically its orientation of solar panels to follow the sun's movement throughout the day, increasing energy absorption. This system boosts the efficiency of solar power systems by maintaining maximum sun exposure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracker |
Solar farms | Photovoltaic installations are massive installations that utilize sunlight to produce electricity using numerous solar panels. They offer a green and renewable energy resource, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_farms |
Rooftop solar power | Solar power from rooftops involves placing photovoltaic panels on roofs of buildings to generate electricity from sunlight. This green energy source helps reduce reliance on fossil fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_power |
Grid-connected photovoltaic system | An grid-integrated solar energy setup converts sunlight into electricity and feeds excess power directly into the utility grid, providing a sustainable energy solution. It enhances energy efficiency and decreases reliance on fossil fuels while enabling users to benefit from potential energy credits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_system |
Greenhouse gas emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions refer to the release of gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide into the atmosphere, primarily from human activities like burning fossil fuels and tree clearing. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, contributing to global warming and climate change. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions |
Solar power satellite | A solar satellite is an spacecraft equipped with solar panels that absorb sunlight and transform into electrical energy. This power is then beamed to the planet's surface for use as a clean, renewable power source. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_satellite |
Home energy storage | Home power storage systems save excess electricity generated from renewable energy or the grid for subsequent consumption, boosting energy independence and efficiency. These solutions generally use batteries to deliver backup energy, cut down energy expenses, and assist grid robustness. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_energy_storage |
Timeline of solar cells | The history of photovoltaic cells chronicles the development and improvements in solar power technology from the beginning finding of the photovoltaic effect to current high-performance solar panels. It highlights significant milestones, including the invention of the initial silicon solar cell in 1954 and ongoing developments that have significantly improved energy conversion and cost efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_solar_cells |
Edmond Becquerel | Becquerel was a French physicist by profession renowned for his innovative work in the study of the photovoltaic effect and glow. His experiments laid the groundwork for grasping how illumination interacts with certain materials to create electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Becquerel |
Willoughby Smith | Smith was a UK electrical engineer and scientist known for finding out the photo-conductive property of selenium in 1873. His research laid the foundation for the creation of the photo-sensitive device and progress in early photographic and electronic technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith |
Selenium | The Selenium framework is an open-source platform used for automated testing of web browsers, enabling testers to simulate user interactions and verify web application functionalities. It supports various programming languages and browsers, making it a flexible tool for automated. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium |
William Grylls Adams | William Grylls Adams was a UK physicist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of luminescence and optical science, particularly the discovery of the polarization effect of light reflected from transparent materials. His research significantly contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic wave behavior and the development of optics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grylls_Adams |
Charles Fritts | Charles Fritts was a an United States inventor who created the earliest working selenium solar cell in 1883. His innovative work laid the basis for the contemporary photovoltaic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fritts |
Coal-fired power plant | A coal-fired power plant generates electricity by firing coal to produce vapor that powers turbines connected to generators. This process releases significant amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_plant |
Russell Ohl | Russell Ohl was an American scientist credited with discovering the solar cell and advancing the understanding of semiconductor materials. His work laid the foundation for modern photovoltaic technology and the development of silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Ohl |
Bell Labs | Bell Laboratories is a famous research and development organization traditionally associated with AT&T, known for pioneering innovations in communications, computer science, and materials research. It has been the origin of many groundbreaking inventions, including the transistor and the laser. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs |
Silicon | Silicon is a chemical element with the symbol Si and atomic number 14, well known for its essential role in the manufacturing of electronic devices and solar cells. It is a tough, breakable crystal substance with a blue-grey shine, primarily used as a semi-conductor in the technology sector. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon |
Micro-inverter | A small inverter is a compact component installed on each photovoltaic panel to transform direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) locally. This method increases system efficiency, facilitates enhanced performance oversight, and increases energy production in solar energy setups. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-inverter |
Solar cell | A solar module is a component that converts sunlight directly into electricity through the solar energy process. It is frequently used in photovoltaic systems to supply a sustainable and eco-friendly energy resource. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell |
PV system | A PV (photovoltaic) system converts sunlight straight into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is a sustainable energy technology that offers renewable power for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV_system |
Photon | An photon acts as a basic particle that represents a quantum of light and other electromagnetic radiation, carrying with it energy and momentum and energy without having rest mass. It serves a crucial role in the interactions between matter and electromagnetic fields, facilitating phenomena including reflection, refraction, and quantum communication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon |
Photovoltaic effect | The photovoltaic effect is the phenomenon by which certain materials transform sunlight straight into electricity through the production of charge carriers. This effect is the core principle behind solar panel systems, enabling the utilization of solar sunlight for energy creation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect |
Wafer (electronics) | An wafer in electrical engineering is a thin slice of chip material, typically silicon, used as the base for fabricating integrated circuits. It functions as the primary platform where microchips are built through methods like doping, etching, and layering. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics) |
Crystalline silicon | Crystalline silicon is a highly pure form of silicon used mainly in the manufacturing of solar cells and electronic systems due to its excellent semiconductor properties. Its structured, neat crystal lattice enables effective electrical conductivity and energy conversion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalline_silicon |
Thin film solar cell | Thin-film photovoltaic devices are a type of photovoltaic technology characterized by their lightweight, flexible design, and ability to be produced on large surfaces at a more affordable price. They use layers of semiconductor materials only a few micrometers thick to effectively turn sunlight into electrical energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film_solar_cell |
Dead and live loads | Dead loads refer to the constant forces exerted by the mass of construction parts and stationary equipment, while live loads are temporary forces such as users, furniture, and weather conditions. Both are essential considerations in engineering design to ensure safety and stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_and_live_loads |
Series and parallel circuits | Series circuits join components in a line, so the same current flows through all devices, while parallel circuits link components between the identical voltage source, allowing several paths for current. These layouts influence the circuit's total resistance, current allocation, and voltage drops. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits |
Electric power | Electrical energy refers to the rate at which electricity flows by an electrical circuit, primarily for running devices and appliances. Produced through various sources such as carbon-based fuels, atomic energy, and renewable energy, and fundamental for contemporary living. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power |
Watt | A measure of power is a standard of energy transfer rate in the SI system, showing the speed of energy transfer or transformation. It is equivalent to one unit of energy per second. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt |
Voltage | Voltage is the electronic potential difference between two points, which causes the flow of electrical current in a circuit. It is measured in volts and indicates the power per unit charge accessible to transport electrons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage |
Volt | A voltage is the derived unit of voltage, potential difference, and voltage in the International System of Units. It measures the voltage per charge unit between two points in an electrical network. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt |
Electric current | Electric current is the passage of electricity through a metal wire, usually measured in A. It is crucial for supplying electronic devices and allowing the functioning of electronic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current |
Ampere | Amp represents the measure of electrical flow in the International System of Units, represented by A. It quantifies the movement of electric charge through a wire over a period of time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere |
Electrical load | Electrical load indicates the amount of electrical power or current demanded by equipment and Electrical load in a circuit. It determines the layout and capacity of power systems to maintain reliable and efficient energy distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_load |
Junction box | A junction enclosure is an electrical casing used to securely contain wire connections, providing a central point for wiring in electrical systems. It ensures organized and safe connections, preventing electrical hazards and facilitating maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_box |
MC4 connector | The MC4 connector is a uniform photovoltaic connector used to link solar panels in a reliable and dependable manner. It features a click-in design with waterproof sealing, providing durability and effective electrical connection in outdoor solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC4_connector |
USB power | USB power provides a simple and uniform method of supplying electrical energy to devices through standard ports. It is frequently used for recharging and energizing a broad range of electronic gadgets, from smartphones to peripherals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_power |
Power inverter | A energy inverter is a unit that changes direct current (DC) from supplies like batteries or photovoltaic arrays into alternating current (AC) suitable for home devices. It allows the operation of standard electrical devices in environments where only DC power is present. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter |
Battery pack | An battery pack is an collection of multiple individual batteries assembled to store and supply electrical energy for various devices. This provides portable power solutions for electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_pack |
Solar tracking | Solar tracking systems automatically adjust the angle of solar panels to follow the sun’s path throughout the daytime, maximizing solar energy capture. This technology improves the efficiency of solar energy collection by keeping best solar array alignment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracking |
Maximum power point tracking | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a method used to maximize the power generation of solar panel setups by constantly tuning the operating point to align with the peak power point of the photovoltaic modules. This procedure guarantees the highest efficiency power harvesting, especially under differing environmental factors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracking |
Power optimizer | A power optimizer is a device used in solar energy systems to maximize energy output by individually improving the performance of each solar panel. It enhances overall system efficiency by minimizing energy loss caused by shading, dirt, or panel mismatch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_optimizer |
Solar performance monitor | A solar performance monitor is a device that observes and examines the effectiveness of photovoltaic panel systems in instantaneous, providing important data on energy production and system status. It helps enhance solar energy output by identifying faults promptly and guaranteeing maximum efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_performance_monitor |
Thin-film solar cell | Lightweight solar cells are thin, multi-purpose photovoltaic devices made by depositing fine layers of semiconductor materials onto substrates. They offer a affordable and multi-functional alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels, with applications in various portable and building-integrated energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_solar_cell |
Solar cells | Solar cells convert solar radiation directly into electricity through the photovoltaic effect, making them a eco-friendly energy source. They are commonly used in solar arrays to generate electricity for homes, devices, and complete solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cells |
Polycrystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon, also known as polysilicon, is a compound composed of many small silicon crystal structures, commonly used in solar modules and microchip production. Its production involves melting and restructuring silicon to form a high-purity, polycrystalline form suitable for electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon |
Monocrystalline silicon | Monocrystalline silicon is a premium form of silicon with a continuous lattice framework, making it very effective for use in solar cells and electronic devices. Its consistent framework allows for improved charge movement, resulting in superior performance compared to other silicon types. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocrystalline_silicon |
Cadmium telluride photovoltaics | CdTe photovoltaics represent a kind of thin film solar method that presents a cost-effective and high-performance solution for extensive solar energy production. They are their excellent absorption efficiency and comparatively affordable manufacturing expenses versus traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride_photovoltaics |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cell | CuInGaSe2 solar cells are flexible photovoltaic devices that utilize a composite compound of Cu, indium, Ga, and Se to convert sunlight into energy efficiently. They are known for their excellent light capturing efficiency, bendability, and potential for portable, economical solar power solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cell |
Amorphous silicon | Amorphous form of silicon is a disordered atomic structure, making it more adaptable and easier to deposit than ordered silicon. It is frequently used in solar panels and electronic systems due to its affordability and versatile features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_silicon |
Third-generation photovoltaic cell | Third-generation photovoltaic modules aim to surpass traditional solar cell efficiencies by utilizing cutting-edge materials and pioneering techniques such as multi-junction stacks, quantum dots, and organic-inorganic hybrids. These technologies focus on enhancing energy conversion, lowering costs, and expanding applicability to various environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_photovoltaic_cell |
Multi-junction solar cell | Multi-layered solar cells are advanced photovoltaic devices that utilize several p-n junctions stacked together to collect a broader range of the solar spectrum, substantially increasing their efficiency. These are primarily used in space satellites and high-efficiency solar power installations due to their superior energy transformation capabilities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-junction_solar_cell |
Solar panels on spacecraft | Solar panels on spacecraft serve as crucial elements that transform sunlight into electrical energy to operate onboard instrumentation. Generally lightweight, durable, and crafted to function effectively in the demanding space environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft |
Compound semiconductor | Compound semiconductors are compounds composed of two or more elements, typically involving a metal component and a non-metallic element, used in high-speed electronic and optoelectronic devices. They offer enhanced performance in applications such as lasers, LEDs, and high-frequency transistors compared to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_semiconductor |
Gallium arsenide | GaAs is a compound-based semiconductor recognized for its high electron mobility and efficiency in RF and optoelectronic applications. It is commonly used in devices such as microwave circuits, infrared LEDs, and solar cells. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide |
Concentrator photovoltaics | CPV employ lenses or mirrors to focus sunlight onto highly efficient multi-layer solar cells, greatly enhancing energy conversion efficiency. This technique is ideal for large-scale solar power plants in areas with direct sunlight, providing a affordable solution for high-demand energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrator_photovoltaics |
Thin-film silicon | Ultralight silicon is a type of photovoltaic material used in solar cells, characterized by its compact and flexible form factor. It offers a affordable alternative to traditional silicon wafers, with applications in building-integrated photovoltaics and mobile energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_silicon |
CIGS solar cell | CIGS solar cell utilize a thin film of copper indium gallium selenide as the photovoltaic material, known for high efficiency and adaptability. They offer a easy-to-handle, economical alternative to conventional silicon PV modules with reliable operation in various environmental conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIGS_solar_cell |
Thin-film | Thin-film describes a delicate layer of material, often measured in nanometers or micrometers, used in diverse technological fields. These coatings are vital in electronics, optics, and coatings for their particular physical and chemical characteristics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film |
Rooftop solar PV | Rooftop solar PV systems harness the sun's rays to generate electricity directly on building rooftops, providing a sustainable and cost-effective energy solution. They help decrease use of fossil fuels, reduce electricity bills, and contribute to green initiatives. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_PV |
Thin film | A layer of material is a sheet of material spanning a few nanometers to multiple micrometers in dimension, often placed on surfaces for functional applications. These layers are used in various industries, including electronics industry, light manipulation, and medical applications, to alter surface properties or engineer certain device functions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film |
Nanometers | Nano units are units of measurement equivalent to one-billionth of a meter, frequently used to depict minuscule distances at the atomic and molecular scale. They are crucial in areas such as nanotechnology, physics, and chemistry for determining structures and particles at the nano level. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometers |
Micrometers | Measuring tools are precision measuring instruments used to exactly measure tiny gaps or widths, typically in manufacturing and production. They feature a adjusted screw system that allows for precise readings, often down to thousandths of an inch or hundredths of a millimeter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometers |
Silicon wafer | A silicon slice is a thin, circular section of silicon crystal used as the platform for manufacturing semiconductor devices. It acts as the basic material in the manufacture of ICs and electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_wafer |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells | Copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cells are thin-film solar modules recognized for their excellent performance and flexibility, making them suitable for various uses. They utilize a stratified layered semiconductor setup that converts sunlight directly into electricity with outstanding performance in low-light conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cells |
Multi-crystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon is a kind of silicon used in solar panels, characterized by its several crystal grains that give it a grainy appearance. It is known for being economical and having a moderately high efficiency in converting sunlight into electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-crystalline_silicon |
Solar PV systems | Solar PV systems convert solar energy directly into power using photovoltaic cells, supplying a green energy source for home, industrial, and large-scale applications. They deliver a environmentally friendly, renewable, and affordable way to reduce reliance on fossil fuels and reduce CO2 emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_PV_systems |
Perovskite solar cell | Perovskite solar cells are a type of photovoltaic technology that use perovskite-structured compound as the light-harvesting layer, known for their high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing. These cells have rapidly advanced in performance, making them a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_solar_cell |
Dye-sensitized solar cell | A dye-activated solar cell (DSSC) is a solar energy device that transforms sunlight into electrical energy using a photosensitive dye to take in light and create electron flow. It offers a affordable and adaptable alternative to traditional silicon-based solar cells, with possibility for see-through and thin applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cell |
Quantum dot solar cell | Quantum dot solar cell cells utilize nanos semiconductor particles to enhance light capture and conversion efficiency through quantum size effects. This technology offers the potential for lower-cost, flexible, and highly efficient solar energy harvesting solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot_solar_cell |
Organic solar cell | Organic photovoltaic devices are photoelectric devices that employ carbon-based molecules, to transform solar radiation into electrical power. They are easy to handle, flexible, and offer the potential for cost-effective, large-area solar energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_solar_cell |
CZTS | CZTS Cu) Zinc Tin Sulfide is a potential semiconductor material used in thin-film solar modules due to its earth-abundant and safe elements. Its favorable optical-electronic properties make it an attractive substitute for green photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CZTS |
Building integrated photovoltaics | Building integrated photovoltaics integrated solar building solutions seamlessly incorporate solar power systems into the design of building materials, such as roof surfaces, outer walls, and fenestration. This cutting-edge approach enhances energy performance while maintaining aesthetic appeal and structural functionality. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_integrated_photovoltaics |
Transparency and translucency | Transparency allows light to pass through a material with little distortion, rendering objects behind easily seen. Translucency permits light to diffuse through, obscuring detailed visibility but still allowing shapes and light to transmit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency |
Window tinting | Window film installation involves placing a light film to the inside or outside of automobiles or edifices windows to cut down on glare, heat, and UV rays. It enhances privacy, improves energy efficiency, and provides a stylish aesthetic to any window. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_tinting |
List of photovoltaic power stations | A collection of PV power stations information various extensive solar energy facilities around the globe, highlighting their power and sites. These facilities function a crucial role in renewable energy production and international efforts to cut carbon pollution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaic_power_stations |
Photovoltaic power stations | Photovoltaic power stations are massive facilities that transform sunlight straight into electricity using solar modules. They play a vital role in sustainable power creation, cutting dependence on coal and oil, and cutting emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_stations |
Environmental issues | Environmental issues encompass a wide range of problems such as pollution, climate change, and deforestation that threaten the health of our planet. Addressing these problems requires collaborative action to promote eco-friendly methods and protect biodiverse environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues |
Renewable energy | Green energy comes from eco-friendly origins that are constantly replenished, such as sunlight, air currents, and hydroelectric power. It offers a sustainable option to non-renewable energy sources, reducing environmental harm and promoting lasting energy security. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy |
Non-renewable energy | Fossil fuels, such as lignite, oil, and natural gas, are non-replenishable supplies formed over extensive periods and are exhausted when used. They are the primary energy sources for electricity generation and mobility but pose ecological and renewability challenges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_energy |
Electricity generation | Power production involves converting various energy sources such as coal, oil, and natural gas, nuclear power, and sustainable resources into electricity. This process typically occurs in power plants where rotating machinery and generators work together to produce electric current for grid delivery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation |
Heavy metals | Heavy metals are thick, harmful elements such as Pb, mercury, metallic cadmium, and As that pose significant health and environmental risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. They are commonly found in industrial emissions, contaminated water, and certain consumer products, requiring careful management to prevent adverse effects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals |
Solar-cell efficiency | Photovoltaic performance assesses how well a solar panel converts sunlight into usable power. Boosting this Solar-cell efficiency is key for optimizing renewable energy output and reducing reliance on non-renewable resources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency |
Photoelectric effect | The photoelectric effect occurs when radiation shining on a metallic surface ejects electronic particles from that surface, demonstrating the particle nature of light. This event provided key evidence for the development of quantum physics by showing that photon energy is discrete. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect |
Accelerated life testing | Accelerated life testing involves exposing products to increased stresses to speedily determine their durability and forecast their lifespan under normal conditions. This method helps detect potential failures and improve product reliability efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_life_testing |
Growth of photovoltaics | The growth of solar energy systems has quickened rapidly over the past ten years, driven by technological advancements and cost reductions. This development is revolutionizing the international energy scene by boosting the share of renewable solar power in power production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics |
Utility-scale solar | Utility-scale solar refers to large solar power facilities designed to generate electricity on a commercial scale, providing power directly to the grid. These installations typically cover extensive areas and utilize PV modules or solar heating systems to produce renewable energy efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility-scale_solar |
Lens (optics) | A optical element is a clear device that bends light to converge or separate rays, forming images. It is commonly used in equipment like photographic devices, glasses, and microscopes to adjust light for better vision and imaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics) |
Angle of incidence (optics) | The angle of incidence is the measure between an incoming light ray and the normal line orthogonal to the surface at the point of contact. It controls how light interacts with the surface, affecting reflection and refraction properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics) |
Anti-reflective coating | Anti-reflective coating is a coating applied to vision surfaces to cut down on glare and improve light transmission. It improves the clarity and illumination of lenses by minimizing unwanted reflections. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating |
Destructive interference | Negative interference occurs when two waves meet in such a way that their amplitudes cancel each other out, leading to a decrease or full disappearance of the resultant waveform. This event usually happens when the waves are out of phase by pi radians. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_interference |
Alternating Current | AC is an electric current that changes polarity, commonly employed in electrical distribution networks. The voltage fluctuates in a sinusoidal pattern throughout its cycle, allowing effective conveyance over large spans. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_Current |
Microinverter | A small inverter is a small device used to change DC from a single solar module into AC suitable for household use. It improves system efficiency by optimizing power output at the panel level and eases setup and service. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinverter |
AC power | AC electrical energy, or AC electrical energy, is electricity delivered through a network where the potential difference and electric flow cyclically reverse orientation, enabling optimized transmission over vast spans. It is commonly used in residences and factories to operate different appliances and machinery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power |
DC connector | A DC connector is a type of electrical coupling used to deliver DC energy from a power supply to an device. It typically consists of a tube-shaped plug and socket that guarantee a secure and dependable attachment for multiple electronic uses. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_connector |
Underwriters Laboratories | Underwriters Laboratories is a international safety certification organization that tests and certifies products to ensure they comply with certain safety standards. It assists consumers and firms recognize reliable and secure products through thorough assessment and testing methods. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories |
Series circuits | Series circuits are electrical circuits in which parts are connected end-to-end, forming a single path for current flow. In this setup, the identical current passes through all components, and the total voltage is divided among them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_circuits |
Parallel circuits | Parallel electrical circuits are electrical circuits where parts are connected between the same voltage source, offering multiple routes for current flow. This setup allows units to operate independently, with the total current split among the branches. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_circuits |
Diode | An diode serves as a semiconductor device that allows current to move in a single direction only, functioning as a unidirectional valve for electrical current. It is commonly used for rectification, signal demodulation, and voltage regulation in circuit circuits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode |
Automobile auxiliary power outlet | An vehicle auxiliary power outlet is a port, typically 12 volt, intended to deliver electrical power for multiple devices and accessories inside of a vehicle. It permits users to recharge electronic devices or use small appliances when on the move. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet |
USB | USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a standard for connecting peripherals to computers, allowing data transmission and power delivery. It backs a wide range of peripherals such as keypads, mouses, external storage, and smartphones, with different revisions delivering increased speeds and improved performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB |
Solar cell efficiency | Solar cell efficiency refers to the ratio of sunlight energy that a photovoltaic cell transforms into usable energy. Boosting this efficiency is crucial for increasing energy production and making solar power affordable and sustainable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell_efficiency |
National Renewable Energy Laboratory | The NREL is a U.S. Department of Energy federal research facility dedicated to research and development in renewable energy and energy efficiency technologies. It aims to advance breakthroughs in solar, wind, bioenergy, and other sustainable energy sources to support a clean energy future. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory |
Electromagnetic spectrum | The electromagnetic spectrum encompasses the entire range of electromagnetic radiation, extending from radio signals to gamma rays, all possessing varied wavelengths and energies. This band is fundamental to a wide array of devices and natural phenomena, enabling communication, medical imaging, and insight into the cosmos. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum |
Ultraviolet | UV light is a form of EM radiation with a wave length shorter than the visible spectrum but longer than X-rays, primarily generated by the sun. It serves a crucial role in including vitamin D production but can also cause skin harm and photoaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet |
Infrared | Infrared radiation is a form of electromagnetic wave with extended wavelengths than visible light, primarily emitted as heat by objects. It is widely used in remote controls, thermal imaging, and various sensing technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared |
Monochromatic | Monochromatic refers to a color palette based on variations of a sole hue, using diverse shades, tints, and tones to create harmony and connexion. This design approach emphasizes simplicity and grace by maintaining uniform color elements throughout a layout. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic |
Irradiance | Irradiance refers to the intensity of electromagnetic radiation per unit area incident on a surface, typically measured in watts per square meter. It is a key parameter in disciplines including solar energy, climate science, and photobiology, indicating the intensity of sunlight hitting a given area. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance |
W/m2 | watts per square meter is a unit of measurement used to measure the magnitude of radiation or power received or emitted over a specific area, often in areas such as meteorology, astronomy, and engineering. It helps in comprehending the spread and movement of energy across surfaces, such as solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W/m2 |
Spectrum | Spectrum refers to the span of diverse hues or wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, visible or otherwise. It is frequently used to illustrate the spread of light or signal bandwidths in various scientific and technological fields. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum |
Airmass | An airmass is a substantial body of air's with relatively consistent temp and moisture properties, deriving from from specific starting zones. These air masses impact weather systems and sky states as they pass through different areas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airmass |
Solar irradiance | Sun's energy output is the assessment of the intensity per square kilometer received from the solar source in the type of electromagnetic radiation. It varies with solar phenomena and atmospheric factors on Earth, affecting weather patterns and meteorological phenomena. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance |
Soiling (solar energy) | Soiling in photovoltaic systems refers to the accumulation of dust, and other particles on the surface of solar panels, which reduces their output. Routine maintenance and care are essential to limit energy loss and maintain optimal efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiling_(solar_energy) |
Open-circuit voltage | Open-circuit voltage represents the maximum voltage obtainable from a power source when current flow is absent, taken across its terminals. It indicates the potential difference of a device when it has been disconnected from any load. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit_voltage |
Short-circuit current | Short-circuit current represents the maximum electrical current that flows through a circuit when a short connection, or short circuit, happens, skipping the normal load. It poses a major safety hazard and can lead to damage to electrical components if not properly controlled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-circuit_current |
Watt-peak | Watt-peak (Wp) is a assessment of the maximum power capacity of a solar panel under perfect sunlight conditions. It indicates the module's peak capacity to generate electricity in standard testing conditions . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-peak |
Voltmeter | A Volt meter is an electronic device used to check the electrical potential between separate points in a circuit. It is widely employed in numerous electrical and electronic setups to verify proper electrical potential | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltmeter |
Potential-induced degradation | Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a occurrence in PV modules where high voltage stress causes a substantial reduction in power generation and efficiency. It occurs due to leakage current and ion transfer within the photovoltaic materials, leading to performance deterioration over time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential-induced_degradation |
Boron | Boron serves as a semi metallic chemical element essential for plant growth and employed in multiple industrial applications, like glassmaking and semiconductor manufacturing. It exhibits unique chemical traits that cause it useful in producing long-lasting, heatproof materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron |
Photovoltaic mounting system | A solar panel mounting system securely supports solar panels, ensuring ideal tilt and alignment for maximum sunlight exposure. It is designed to withstand external conditions while providing a stable and resilient foundation for solar energy installations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_mounting_system |
Solar power plant | A solar power plant collects sunlight using extensive arrays of photovoltaic modules to create renewable electricity. It provides an environmentally friendly energy source, diminishing reliance on fossil fuels and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plant |
Agrivoltaics | Agrivoltaics is the combined practice of utilizing land for both solar power production and agriculture, optimizing space and resources. This approach enhances crop production while concurrently generating renewable energy, encouraging sustainable land use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrivoltaics |
Bifacial solar cells | Bifacial photovoltaic cells are photovoltaic devices capable of capturing sunlight on both sides, enhancing overall energy production. They are typically mounted in a way that allows for increased efficiency by taking advantage of albedo mirroring and reflected sunlight from the environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifacial_solar_cells |
Solar canopy | A solar canopy is a installation that provides shade while generating electricity through embedded solar panels. It is commonly installed in parking lots, walkways, or open spaces to merge environmental benefits with functional design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_canopy |
Solar array | A solar panel system is a group of multiple photovoltaic modules configured to generate electricity from sunlight. It is often used in green energy setups to generate environmentally friendly, sustainable power for different applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_array |
Patio cover | A patio shield is a construction that provides shade and shelter from the conditions for al fresco areas. It boosts the functionality and visual charm of a terrace, making it a pleasant space for relaxation and gatherings. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio_cover |
Zenith angle | The zenith angle is the measurement between the vertical direction directly overhead and the line of sight to a celestial object. It is used in astronomy and meteorology to indicate the position of objects in the heavens relative to an observer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_angle |
Azimuth angle | The azimuth angle is a azimuth measured clockwise from a reference heading, usually true north, to the line linking an observer to a target object. It is commonly used in routing, surveying, and astrophysics to indicate the direction of an target relative to the observer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_angle |
Occupational hazards of solar panel installation | Setting up solar panels exposes workers to risks such as falls from heights and electrical shocks, requiring proper safety measures. Additionally, exposure to harsh weather conditions and potential muscle strains pose significant workplace risks in solar panel setup. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_solar_panel_installation |
Cadmium telluride | Cadmium telluride is a electronic material widely used in thin-film solar cells due to its excellent performance and cost efficiency. It demonstrates excellent optical features, making it a common choice for solar applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride |
List of photovoltaics companies | A catalog of photovoltaics companies features the top manufacturers and suppliers expert in solar panel technology and renewable energy solutions across the globe. These companies play a crucial role in driving solar energy adoption and advancement across multiple markets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaics_companies |
Gigawatt | A gigawatt is a measure of power equal to one billion W, used to quantify big energy output and usage. It is generally associated with electricity stations, electricity networks, and large-scale power projects worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatt |
First Solar | First Solar Inc is a international leader in solar PV energy solutions, specializing in making thin-film solar cells that deliver excellent efficiency and economical power output. The organization is committed to eco-friendly renewable energy advancement and reducing the world dependency on fossil fuels through innovative solar technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Solar |
GCL System Integration Technology | GCL System Integration Technology expertise in seamlessly linking various elements of factory and automated systems to improve performance and trustworthiness. It aims on creating cutting-edge solutions that promote seamless communication and cooperation among various technological platforms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCL_System_Integration_Technology |
Shunfeng Photovoltaic | Shunfeng Photovoltaic is an leading Chinese-based firm expert in producing and developing photovoltaic solar items and systems. Renowned for cutting-edge technology and sustainable energy initiatives in the renewable energy sector. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunfeng_Photovoltaic |
GigaWatt | GigaWatt is a unit of energy equal to one billion W, often employed to indicate the capacity of large-scale electricity generation or usage. It underscores the immense power scale involved in contemporary power framework and tech. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GigaWatt |
Experience curve effects | Experience curve effects refer to the phenomenon where the cost per unit of production reduces as overall production grows, due to learning curve and efficiencies achieved over time. This effect highlights the value of stored knowledge in lowering costs and improving productivity in industrial processes and other procedures. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_curve_effects |
Photovoltaics | Photovoltaics transform sunlight straight into electricity using semiconductor substances, primarily silicon. This technology is a pure, sustainable energy source that assists reduce reliance on fossil fuels and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics |
Grid parity | Grid parity occurs when the expense of generating solar or wind energy is equal to or less than the price of buying power from the power grid. Achieving Grid parity indicates that sustainable energy technologies are cost-effectively viable with traditional fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_parity |
Mains electricity | Mains electricity acts as the standard electrical power supplied to residences and companies through a system of power lines, delivering a reliable source of energy for different appliances. It usually operates at a voltage of around 120V or 230V, based on the nation, and is transmitted through AC power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity |
Balance of system | Balance of system (BOS) refers to all components of a solar power system apart from the photovoltaic panels, including inverters, racking, wiring, and other electrical hardware. It is crucial for securing the optimum and reliable operation of a solar energy installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_system |
Solar energy | Sunlight is harnessed from the sun's rays using solar cells to generate electricity or through thermal solar systems to provide warmth. It represents a sustainable, renewable, and planet-friendly source of power that limits the use of fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy |
Applications of photovoltaics | Photovoltaics are widely utilized in residential, corporate, and manufacturing sites to generate renewable, renewable electricity from sunlight. They also supply remote and off-grid locations, delivering renewable energy solutions where conventional power grids are absent. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_photovoltaics |
List of solar-powered products | A catalog of solar-powered goods features a variety of tools that harness sunlight to produce energy, supporting environmentally friendly and sustainable living. These solutions include covering solar energy units and lights to appliances and outdoor equipment, offering versatile alternatives for power needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar-powered_products |
Photovoltaic power station | An photovoltaic power station is a facility that transforms sunlight immediately into electricity using photovoltaic panels. It is a sustainable energy source that aids in decreasing reliance on fossil fuels and decreases greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station |
Solar hybrid power systems | Solar hybrid power systems combine solar panels with additional energy sources, such as wind or diesel generators, to deliver a reliable and efficient power supply. They maximize energy use by allocating renewable resources and backup options, cutting reliance on fossil fuels and lowering overall emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hybrid_power_systems |
Concentrated photovoltaics | CPV use lenses plus mirrors focusing sunlight onto high-performance solar cells, greatly boosting energy capture from a smaller area. This method works well in areas with bright, direct sunlight plus, it offers a promising approach to lowering solar power costs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_photovoltaics |