Solar panel | Solar array are instruments that convert sunlight into electricity using solar cells. They are an green and renewable energy source, decreasing reliance on non-renewable energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel |
Solar thermal collector | A solar thermal collector is a system that collects sunlight to convert heat, generally used for water heating or space heating applications. It efficiently converts solar energy into thermal energy, cutting down on reliance on conventional energy sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_collector |
Solar thermal energy | Solar heat harnesses sunlight to generate thermal energy, which can be used for water heating, indoor heating, or electricity production. It is a green and sustainable technology that reduces dependence on fossil fuels and lowers GHG emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy |
Worthing | Worthing is a scenic seaside town in the county of West Sussex, England, known for its historic pier and vibrant promenade. It offers a delightful blend of sandy beaches, cultural attractions, and outdoor activities perfect for visitors and residents alike. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worthing |
England | England is a historic country in the United Kingdom known for its abundant cultural heritage, iconic landmarks, and vibrant cities like the capital. It boasts a diverse terrain of rolling hills, ancient castles, and lively city hubs that blend history with modern innovation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England |
Sunlight | Solar light is the environmental illumination emitted by the star, vital for existence on Earth as it offers power for photosynthesis and shapes climate and weather patterns. It also plays a role to our well-being by controlling our circadian rhythms and increasing vitamin D production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight |
Electricity | Electricity is a kind of energy resulting from the movement of charged particles, primarily electrons. It fuels innumerable systems and systems, supporting contemporary living and technological advancements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity |
Photovoltaic | Solar technology converts sunlight directly into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor materials. It is a renewable energy source that reduces reliance on non-renewable fuels and helps mitigate ecological footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic |
Electrons | Electrons are tiny particles with a opposite electric charge that orbit the nucleus of an atom, playing a key role in chemical reactions and electricity. Their behavior and interactions determine the electrical conductivity and chemical properties of elements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons |
Direct current | Direct current is the single-direction stream of electric charge, typically produced by battteries, electrical sources, and solar panels. It provides a consistent voltage or current, making it crucial for electronic devices and low voltage. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current |
Battery (electricity) | A power source is a instrument that stores chemical energy and transforms it into electric power to power various electronic devices. It comprises several galvanic cells, each containing electrode pairs separated by an electrolytic substance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) |
Photovoltaic system | An solar power system converts sunlight directly into power using solar panels composed of solar cells. It is an green power solution that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and promotes renewable power generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system |
Solar inverter | A solar inverter is a device that transforms DC generated by solar panels into AC fit for household use and utility connection. It is vital for optimizing energy use and providing secure, consistent electricity delivery from solar energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_inverter |
Alternating current | Alternating current is an electric current that reverses polarity regularly, typically used in home and business power supplies. It allows for effective transmission of electricity over extended spans and is marked by its voltage and current waveforms, typically sinusoidal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current |
Charge controller | A power management device is a device that controls the voltage and electric current coming from a solar panel to avoid batteries from excess charging and harm. It guarantees efficient energy transfer and extends the lifespan of the battery bank. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_controller |
Measuring instrument | A measurement device is a instrument used to ascertain the dimension, quantity, or intensity of something accurately. It includes gadgets like scales, climate gauges, and barometers that provide accurate readings for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrument |
Solar tracker | A solar tracker is a system that instantaneously the orientation of solar panels to track the sun's movement during the day, enhancing energy absorption. This innovation enhances the efficiency of solar power systems by ensuring optimal sun exposure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracker |
Solar farms | Solar farms are massive installations that capture sunlight to produce electricity using numerous solar panels. They provide a green and sustainable energy power, cutting down reliance on non-renewable energy sources and reducing carbon emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_farms |
Rooftop solar power | Rooftop solar power involves setting up photovoltaic panels on roofs of buildings to produce electricity from sunlight. This sustainable energy source helps minimize reliance on fossil fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_power |
Grid-connected photovoltaic system | An grid-connected solar power system transforms sunlight into electricity and feeds excess power directly into the utility grid, providing a eco-friendly energy solution. It enhances energy efficiency and cuts down reliance on fossil fuels while enabling users to benefit from potential energy credits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_system |
Greenhouse gas emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions refer to the release of gases such as carbon dioxide, CH4, and N2O into the atmosphere, primarily from human activities like fossil fuel combustion and deforestation. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, leading to global warming and climate change. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions |
Solar power satellite | A solar satellite is an artificial satellite equipped with solar panels that collect sunlight and convert it into electricity. This energy is then transmitted wirelessly to the planet's surface for utilization as a sustainable energy source. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_satellite |
Home energy storage | Home energy storage systems save excess electricity generated from renewable sources or the grid for later use, improving energy independence and efficiency. These solutions typically utilize batteries to offer backup energy, reduce energy expenses, and assist grid stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_energy_storage |
Timeline of solar cells | The chronology of photovoltaic cells documents the development and innovations in photovoltaic tech from the beginning finding of the photovoltaic effect to modern advanced solar panels. It highlights significant breakthroughs, including the development of the initial silicon photovoltaic cell in 1954 and persistent advances that have significantly improved energy conversion and economic viability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_solar_cells |
Edmond Becquerel | Becquerel was a Gallic scientist renowned for his innovative work in the study of the photovoltaic effect and luminescent phenomena. His research laid the groundwork for grasping how light interacts with specific substances to generate electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Becquerel |
Willoughby Smith | Smith was a British electrical engineer and researcher known for finding out the photoconductivity of selenium in 1873. His work formed the basis for the development of the photo-sensitive device and advancements in initial photography and electronic technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith |
Selenium | Selenium is an free platform used for automating web browsers, enabling testers to mimic user interactions and verify web application functionalities. It supports multiple programming languages and browsers, making it a flexible tool for automated. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium |
William Grylls Adams | William Grylls Adams was a British scientist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of luminescence and optical science, particularly the discovery of the polarization effect of luminescence reflected from transparent materials. His research significantly contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic waves and the development of optics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grylls_Adams |
Charles Fritts | Charles Fritts was a an United States innovator who invented the initial working selenium solar cell in 1883. His pioneering work established the groundwork for the modern photovoltaic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fritts |
Coal-fired power plant | An coal-powered power plant generates electricity by firing coal to produce steam that rotates turbines connected to generators. This process releases significant amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_plant |
Russell Ohl | Russell Ohl was an United States scientist credited with finding the solar cell and advancing the understanding of semiconductor. His work formed the basis of modern photovoltaic technology and the development of silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Ohl |
Bell Labs | Bell Laboratories is a prestigious research and development entity traditionally associated with AT&T, known for pioneering innovations in communications, computing, and materials research. It has been the origin of numerous groundbreaking inventions, including the transistor and the laser technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs |
Silicon | Silicon is a chemical with the symbol Si and 14, widely known for its essential role in the production of electronic devices and solar cells. It is a hard, breakable crystalline material with a bluish-gray metallic luster, predominantly employed as a semiconductor in the technology sector. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon |
Micro-inverter | A small inverter is a small component installed on each solar module to transform direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) locally. This method increases system efficiency, allows for better system tracking, and increases power output in photovoltaic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-inverter |
Solar cell | A photovoltaic cell is a device that transforms sunlight immediately into electricity through the solar energy process. It is often used in photovoltaic systems to offer a sustainable and sustainable energy power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell |
PV system | A PV (photovoltaic) system transforms sunlight straight into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is a sustainable energy technology that offers eco-friendly power for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV_system |
Photon | A photon acts as a elementary particle that represents a packet of light as well as other electromagnetic radiation, carrying with it energy and momentum and energy without containing rest mass. It plays a important role in the interactions between matter and electromagnetic fields, allowing phenomena including reflection, refraction, and quantum communication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon |
Photovoltaic effect | The PV effect is the phenomenon by which specific substances transform sunlight straight into electricity through the generation of electron-hole pairs. This phenomenon is the core foundation behind photovoltaic technology, facilitating the harnessing of solar energy for electricity production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect |
Wafer (electronics) | A wafer in electrical engineering is a fine slice of semiconductor material, typically silicon, used as the base for fabricating integrated circuits. It functions as the foundational platform where integrated circuits are built through processes like doping, etching, and coating. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics) |
Crystalline silicon | Crystalline silicon is a highly pure form of silicon used predominantly in the manufacturing of solar cells and electronic systems due to its excellent semiconductor properties. Its organized, orderly crystal lattice enables effective electrical conductivity and energy conversion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalline_silicon |
Thin film solar cell | Thin film solar cells are a type of solar power system characterized by their lightweight, pliable configuration, and ability to be produced on large surfaces at a lower cost. They use thin semiconductor layers a few micrometers thick to transform sunlight into usable electricity efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film_solar_cell |
Dead and live loads | Dead loads refer to the static forces exerted by the mass of structural elements and fixed equipment, while live loads are movable forces such as occupants, furniture, and environmental factors. Both are critical considerations in engineering design to ensure safety and stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_and_live_loads |
Series and parallel circuits | Series circuits connect components end-to-end, so the identical current passes through all devices, while parallel circuits connect components across the identical voltage source, allowing several paths for current. These arrangements influence the circuit's total resistance, current distribution, and voltage drops. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits |
Electric power | Electrical energy is the speed at which electric power flows by an electric circuit, mainly utilized for powering devices and appliances. Created through multiple sources such as carbon-based fuels, atomic energy, and green energy, and is essential for contemporary living. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power |
Watt | A watt is a measure of power in the SI system, representing the speed of energy movement or conversion. It is the same as one unit of energy per second. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt |
Voltage | Voltage is the electrical voltage difference between two points, which drives the movement of electric current in a circuit. It is measured in volts and shows the energy per individual charge accessible to shift electrons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage |
Volt | A volt is the standard unit of voltage, potential difference, and electromotive force in the metric system. It measures the potential energy per coulomb between points in an circuit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt |
Electric current | Electric current is the flow of electrical charge through a conductor wire, typically measured in A. It is crucial for supplying electronic devices and facilitating the operation of electrical circuits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current |
Ampere | Amp represents the measure of electrical current in the SI units, symbolized as A. It measures the movement of electrical charge through a wire over a period of time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere |
Electrical load | Electrical load refers to the level of electrical power or current demanded by equipment and Electrical load in a circuit. It influences the layout and capacity of power systems to maintain secure and efficient energy distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_load |
Junction box | A junction box is an electrical casing used to protect wire connections, providing a central point for wiring in electrical systems. It ensures neat and safe connections, preventing electrical hazards and facilitating maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_box |
MC4 connector | The MC4 is a conventional photovoltaic connector used to connect solar panels in a safe and dependable manner. It features a clip-in design with waterproof sealing, ensuring durability and efficient electrical connection in outdoor solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC4_connector |
USB power | USB power delivers a easy and consistent method of delivering electrical energy to devices through universal ports. It is often used for powering and feeding a broad range of electronic gadgets, from smartphones to peripherals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_power |
Power inverter | A energy inverter is a instrument that converts direct current (DC) from sources like accumulators or solar arrays into AC suitable for household appliances. It permits the use of common electrical appliances in environments where only direct current electricity is present. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter |
Battery pack | An battery pack functions as a collection of numerous individual batteries designed to store and supply electrical energy for multiple devices. This provides portable power solutions for electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_pack |
Solar tracking | Solar tracking systems automatically adjust the angle of solar modules to monitor the solar trajectory throughout the 24 hours, optimizing power intake. This innovation improves the performance of solar energy collection by ensuring ideal panel orientation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracking |
Maximum power point tracking | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a technique used to maximize the power generation of photovoltaic systems by regularly modifying the working point to correspond to the maximum power point of the photovoltaic modules. This procedure guarantees the most efficient energy harvesting, especially under varying environmental conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracking |
Power optimizer | An power optimizer functions as a device used in solar energy systems to boost energy output by individually improving the performance of each solar panel. It increases overall system efficiency by cutting down on energy loss caused by shading, dirt, or panel mismatch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_optimizer |
Solar performance monitor | A solar power performance monitor is a device that observes and examines the performance of photovoltaic panel systems in instantaneous, providing important data on energy production and system status. It assists maximize solar energy generation by detecting issues promptly and guaranteeing highest efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_performance_monitor |
Thin-film solar cell | Thin-film solar cells are flexible, versatile photovoltaic devices made by depositing slim layers of semiconductor materials onto substrates. They offer a economical and versatile alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels, with applications in various portable and building-integrated energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_solar_cell |
Solar cells | Photovoltaic cells convert sunlight directly into electricity through the solar energy conversion process, making them a renewable energy source. They are frequently used in solar panels to generate electricity for homes, electronic gadgets, and full solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cells |
Polycrystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon, also known as polysilicon, is a substance composed of numerous small silicon crystal structures, frequently used in solar panels and semiconductor manufacturing. Its creation involves fusing and restructuring silicon to create a pure, polycrystalline type suitable for electronic devices. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon |
Monocrystalline silicon | Monocrystalline silicon is a ultra-pure variant of silicon with a continuous crystal arrangement, making it highly efficient for use in photovoltaic modules and electronic devices. Its consistent framework allows for enhanced electron flow, resulting in superior performance compared to other silicon types. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocrystalline_silicon |
Cadmium telluride photovoltaics | CdTe photovoltaics represent a kind of thin film solar method that provides a economical and effective option for large-scale solar energy harvesting. They are known as their excellent absorption performance and moderately reduced manufacturing costs versus traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride_photovoltaics |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cell | CuInGaSe2 solar cells are thin-film photovoltaic devices that employ a multi-layered compound of Cu, indium, Ga, and Se to convert sunlight into power effectively. They are recognized for their great absorption efficiency, bendability, and capability for compact, affordable solar energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cell |
Amorphous silicon | Non-crystalline silicon is a amorphous atomic configuration, making it easier to handle and simpler to apply than crystalline silicon. It is commonly used in photovoltaic thin films and electronic systems due to its cost-effectiveness and adaptable characteristics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_silicon |
Third-generation photovoltaic cell | Third-generation photovoltaic panels aim to outperform traditional solar cell efficiencies by utilizing advanced materials and new techniques such as multi-junction stacks, quantum dots, and organic-inorganic hybrids. These technologies focus on optimizing energy conversion, cutting costs, and broadening applicability to various environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_photovoltaic_cell |
Multi-junction solar cell | Multi-junction solar panels are advanced photovoltaic devices that use several p-n junctions stacked in tandem to collect a more extensive range of the solar spectrum, greatly boosting their efficiency. They are primarily employed in space satellites and high-efficiency solar power installations due to their superior energy conversion capabilities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-junction_solar_cell |
Solar panels on spacecraft | Solar panels on spacecraft are essential devices that transform sunlight into electric power to supply onboard systems. They are typically lightweight, robust, and designed to operate efficiently in the demanding space environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft |
Compound semiconductor | Compound semiconductors are substances composed of multiple elements, typically involving a metal component and a non-metallic element, used in fast electronic and optoelectronic devices. They offer enhanced performance in applications such as lasers, LEDs, and high-frequency switching devices compared to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_semiconductor |
Gallium arsenide | Gallium arsenide is a compound-based semiconductor recognized for its excellent electron mobility and effectiveness in RF and optoelectronic applications. It is often used in components such as microwave circuits, infrared LEDs, and solar cells. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide |
Concentrator photovoltaics | CPV employ optics or mirrors to concentrate sunlight onto very efficient multi-layer solar cells, significantly increasing energy transformation efficiency. This technology is suitable for massive solar power plants in areas with clear sunlight, delivering a affordable approach for large-scale energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrator_photovoltaics |
Thin-film silicon | Lightweight silicon is a type of photovoltaic material used in solar cells, characterized by its lightweight and flexible form factor. It offers a affordable alternative to traditional silicon wafers, with applications in BIPV and portable power sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_silicon |
CIGS solar cell | CIGS solar cell utilize a ultra-thin layer of copper indium gallium selenide as the light-absorbing layer, known for high efficiency and adaptability. They offer a easy-to-handle, budget-friendly alternative to conventional silicon PV modules with reliable operation in various environmental conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIGS_solar_cell |
Thin-film | Thin-film denotes a delicate layer of material, often measured in nm or micrometers, used in diverse technological fields. These layers are vital in electronics, optical systems, and coatings for their unique physical and chemical features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film |
Rooftop solar PV | Rooftop solar PV systems harness sunlight to generate electricity directly on structure roofs, providing a renewable and economical energy solution. They help cut down dependence on fossil fuels, lower electricity bills, and contribute to environmental conservation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_PV |
Thin film | A thin film is a sheet of compound ranging from tiny nanometric scales to multiple micrometers in dimension, often coated on surfaces for purposeful functions. These films are used in multiple sectors, including electronics, optics, and medicine, to modify surface characteristics or create specific device functionalities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film |
Nanometers | Nanometers are measurement units equivalent to one-billionth of a meter, frequently used to describe minuscule distances at the atomic and molecular scale. They are important in disciplines including nanotechnology, physics, and chemistry for gauging structures and particles at the nanoscale. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometers |
Micrometers | Calipers are precision measuring instruments used to precisely measure small distances or widths, typically in machining and production. They feature a adjusted screw system that allows for precise readings, often down to thousandths of an inch or hundredths of a millimeter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometers |
Silicon wafer | A silicon slice is a narrow, round section of silicon crystal used as the substrate for fabricating semiconductor devices. It functions as the foundational material in the production of microchips and electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_wafer |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells | Copper indium gallium selenide-based solar panels are thin-film solar modules recognized for their excellent performance and flexibility, perfect for diverse applications. They use a layered semiconductor structure that transforms sunlight directly into electrical energy with excellent effectiveness in low-light conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cells |
Multi-crystalline silicon | Multi-crystalline silicon is a kind of silicon used in solar panels, characterized by its many crystal grains that give it a mottled appearance. It is noted for being affordable and having a relatively high efficiency in transforming sunlight into power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-crystalline_silicon |
Solar PV systems | Solar PV systems convert sun rays directly into energy using photovoltaic cells, supplying a green energy source for residential, business, and large-scale applications. They offer a environmentally friendly, renewable, and cost-effective way to cut down reliance on fossil fuels and lower CO2 emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_PV_systems |
Perovskite solar cell | Perovskite solar cells are a type of photovoltaic technology that uses perovskite-structured compound as the light-harvesting layer, known for their high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing. These cell have rapidly advanced in performance, making them a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_solar_cell |
Dye-sensitized solar cell | A dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a photovoltaic device that turns sunlight into electricity using a photosensitive dye to take in light and generate electron flow. It offers a budget-friendly and flexible alternative to standard silicon-based solar cells, with opportunity for transparent and lightweight applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cell |
Quantum dot solar cell | Quantum dot solar cell cells utilize nanos semiconductor particles to enhance light capture and conversion efficiency through quantum confinement effects. This technology offers the possibility for cost-effective, bendable, and superior solar energy harvesting solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot_solar_cell |
Organic solar cell | Organic PV cells are photoelectric devices that use carbon-based molecules, to transform sunlight into electricity. They are easy to handle, pliable, and enable more affordable, broad solar energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_solar_cell |
CZTS | CZTS (Copper is a promising semiconductor material used in laminate solar modules due to its earth-abundant and safe elements. Its excellent photo-electronic properties make it an appealing option for green photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CZTS |
Building integrated photovoltaics | Building integrated photovoltaics solar-integrated building systems seamlessly incorporate solar energy technology into the design of construction components, such as roof surfaces, outer walls, and glazing. This innovative approach enhances energy performance while maintaining design elegance and structural functionality. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_integrated_photovoltaics |
Transparency and translucency | Transparency permits light to penetrate a material with little distortion, rendering objects behind easily seen. Translucency allows light to diffuse through, hiding detailed view but still allowing shapes and light to transmit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency |
Window tinting | Vehicle and building window film application involves the process of applying a transparent film to the interior or exterior of vehicle or building panes to cut down on glare, heat, and UV rays. It enhances privacy, improves energy efficiency, and provides a sleek aesthetic to any window. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_tinting |
List of photovoltaic power stations | A catalog of solar power stations details various large-scale solar energy plants around the planet, demonstrating their power and locations. These facilities serve a important role in green energy generation and international efforts to reduce carbon pollution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaic_power_stations |
Photovoltaic power stations | Photovoltaic energy plants are extensive facilities that transform sunlight straight into electricity using solar panels. They play a vital role in clean energy production, lessening dependence on non-renewable energy sources, and reducing carbon footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_stations |
Environmental issues | Environmental challenges encompass a wide range of problems such as contamination, climate change, and deforestation that threaten the health of our planet. Addressing these problems requires collective efforts to promote eco-friendly methods and protect natural ecosystems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues |
Renewable energy | Green energy comes from natural sources that are renewably replenished, such as sunlight, wind, and water. It offers a eco-friendly alternative to non-renewable energy sources, minimizing ecological footprint and supporting sustainable energy security. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy |
Non-renewable energy | Non-sustainable energy resources, such as coal, petroleum, and natural gas, are finite resources formed over extensive periods and are consumed when used. They are the primary power sources for electrical energy and vehicle operation but pose ecological and environmental and long-term viability challenges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_energy |
Electricity generation | Electrical energy creation involves converting various power sources such as fossil fuels, nuclear power, and green energy into electricity. This process typically occurs in power stations where rotating machinery and generators work together to produce power for distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation |
Heavy metals | Heavy metals are dense, toxic elements such as Pb, Hg, Cd, and arsenic that pose significant health and environmental risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. They are commonly found in industrial emissions, contaminated water, and certain consumer products, requiring careful management to prevent adverse effects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals |
Solar-cell efficiency | Solar panel effectiveness measures how well a solar panel converts sunlight into convertible electricity. Improving this Solar-cell efficiency is essential for increasing renewable energy generation and cutting reliance on non-renewable resources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency |
Photoelectric effect | The photoelectric phenomenon occurs when light shining on a metal ejects electrons from that surface, demonstrating the particle-like behavior of light. This event provided key evidence for the development of quantum physics by showing that photon energy is quantified. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect |
Accelerated life testing | Enhanced life testing involves placing products to higher-than-normal stresses to rapidly assess their durability and forecast their lifespan under normal conditions. This method helps detect potential failures and enhance product reliability efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_life_testing |
Growth of photovoltaics | The expansion of solar energy systems has accelerated rapidly over the past decade, driven by technological advancements and decreasing costs. This growth is revolutionizing the world energy sector by raising the portion of sustainable solar power in power production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics |
Utility-scale solar | Utility-scale solar pertains to large solar power facilities intended to generate electricity on a commercial scale, providing power directly to the grid. These sites typically cover extensive areas and utilize solar panels or solar heating systems to produce renewable energy efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility-scale_solar |
Lens (optics) | A lens is a transparent component that bending light to bring together or spread out rays, creating images. It is frequently used in instruments like photographic devices, glasses, and microscopes to control light for improved vision and imaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics) |
Angle of incidence (optics) | The angle of incidence is the angle between an approaching light ray and the perpendicular line perpendicular to the surface at the point of contact. It determines how light behaves with the surface, influencing reflection and refraction behaviors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics) |
Anti-reflective coating | Anti-reflective coating is a coating applied to vision surfaces to cut down on glare and improve light transmission. It improves the sharpness and brightness of lenses by cutting down on stray reflections. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating |
Destructive interference | Canceling interference occurs when a pair of waves meet in such a way that their amplitude levels counteract each other, resulting in a decrease or complete elimination of the resultant wave. This event usually happens when these waves are out of phase by 180 degrees. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_interference |
Alternating Current | AC refers to an electric current that periodically reverses, commonly employed in power supply systems. The electrical potential changes in a sinusoidal pattern over time, enabling cost-effective transfer across extensive ranges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_Current |
Microinverter | A microinverter is a compact device used to change DC from a individual solar panel into alternating current (AC) suitable for home applications. It improves system performance by maximizing power output at the panel level and eases installation and service. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinverter |
AC power | AC power, or AC electrical energy, is electricity delivered through a system where the potential difference and current periodically reverse orientation, enabling cost-effective transmission over long distances. It is frequently used in households and commercial sectors to operate various appliances and machinery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power |
DC connector | A direct current connector is a type of electrical connector used to provide DC energy from a power source to an electronic equipment. It typically consists of a cylindrical plug and jack that guarantee a reliable and consistent attachment for different electronic purposes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_connector |
Underwriters Laboratories | UL is a global safety approval organization that evaluates and certifies products to confirm they meet specific protection requirements. It assists consumers and companies identify trustworthy and protected products through strict assessment and testing methods. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories |
Series circuits | Series circuits are electrical circuits in which components are connected end-to-end, forming a one path for current flow. In this configuration, the identical electric current passes through all elements, and the sum voltage is divided among them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_circuits |
Parallel circuits | Parallel electrical circuits are electrical circuits where components are connected across the same voltage source, providing multiple routes for current flow. This setup allows components to operate separately, with the total current divided among the branches. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_circuits |
Diode | A diode is a solid-state device that permits current to pass in a single direction only, functioning as a one-way valve for electrical current. It is commonly used for rectification, signal demodulation, and voltage regulation in electronic networks. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode |
Automobile auxiliary power outlet | An vehicle auxiliary power outlet is a connection, typically 12V, intended to deliver electrical energy for various devices and accessories within a car. It allows users to charge electronic devices or run small devices while on the move. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet |
USB | USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a protocol for connecting hardware to computing systems, enabling data transfer and electric power. It accommodates a broad spectrum of hardware such as keypads, pointer devices, external storage devices, and mobile phones, with different revisions offering higher speeds and enhanced performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB |
Solar cell efficiency | Solar cell efficiency refers to the ratio of sunlight energy that a photovoltaic cell transforms into usable energy. Improving this efficiency plays a key role in increasing energy generation and making solar power affordable and sustainable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell_efficiency |
National Renewable Energy Laboratory | The NREL is a U.S. Department of Energy national laboratory dedicated to research and development in green energy and energy conservation technologies. It aims to advance developments in solar power, wind power, biomass energy, and other sustainable energy sources to enable a clean energy future. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory |
Electromagnetic spectrum | The electromagnetic spectrum encompasses the entire range of electromagnetic waves, ranging from radio signals to gamma radiation, each with different wavelengths and energies. This spectrum is fundamental to numerous technological applications and natural events, allowing signal transmission, diagnostic imaging, and comprehension of the cosmos. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum |
Ultraviolet | Ultraviolet light is a kind of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength shorter than visible light but longer than X-rays, primarily generated by the solar radiation. It plays a crucial role in including vitamin D production but can also result in skin harm and photoaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet |
Infrared | Infrared radiation is a form of electromagnetic wave with longer wavelengths than visible light, primarily emitted as heat by objects. It is widely used in remote controls, thermal imaging, and various sensing technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared |
Monochromatic | Uniform color refers to a color scheme based on shades of a sole hue, using diverse shades, tints, and tones to create cohesion and connexion. This composition approach emphasizes simplicity and grace by maintaining uniform color elements throughout a design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic |
Irradiance | Radiance refers to the strength of electromagnetic radiation per unit area incident on a surface, generally measured in watts per sq meter. It is a crucial parameter in fields such as solar energy, climate science, and photobiology, indicating the intensity of sunlight reaching a specific surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance |
W/m2 | watts per square meter is a unit of measurement used to measure the strength of radiation or power received or emitted over a defined area, frequently in disciplines including meteorology, astronomy, and engineering. It aids in grasping the dispersion and transfer of radiation across areas, such as solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W/m2 |
Spectrum | Spectrum refers to the extent of diverse tones or wavebands of electromagnetic radiation, perceptible or alternatively. It is commonly used to describe the spread of light or signal bandwidths in different scientific and technological fields. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum |
Airmass | An air mass is a substantial volume of atmosphere with relatively consistent temperature and moisture properties, originating from certain origin regions. These air masses impact climate trends and air situations as they travel over different areas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airmass |
Solar irradiance | Solar power is the quantification of the intensity per square kilometer received from the solar source in the manner of electromagnetic radiation. It changes with solar phenomena and Earth's weather systems, affecting climate and local weather. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance |
Soiling (solar energy) | Contamination in solar energy refers to the accumulation of dust, and foreign matter on the exterior of photovoltaic modules, which diminishes their efficiency. Consistent upkeep and maintenance are necessary to reduce energy decrease and maintain optimal efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiling_(solar_energy) |
Open-circuit voltage | Open-circuit voltage refers to the maximum voltage obtainable from a power source when current flow is absent, measured across its terminals. It shows the potential difference of a device when it has been disconnected from any load. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit_voltage |
Short-circuit current | Short-circuit current is the maximum electrical current that travels through a circuit when a short connection, or short circuit, takes place, skipping the normal load. It presents a significant safety hazard and can result in damage to electrical components if not properly controlled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-circuit_current |
Watt-peak | Watt-peak (Wp) is a measure of the highest power capacity of a solar module under optimal sunlight conditions. It indicates the module's peak capacity to create electricity in standard testing setups . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-peak |
Voltmeter | A voltmeter is an electrical instrument used to check the electrical potential between separate points in a circuit. It is frequently utilized in various electrical and electronic applications to verify proper voltage levels | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltmeter |
Potential-induced degradation | Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a occurrence in PV modules where elevated voltage stress causes a significant reduction in energy production and efficiency. It occurs due to current leakage and ion transfer within the solar cell materials, leading to performance decline over time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential-induced_degradation |
Boron | Boron is considered a semi-metal element necessary for plant growth and employed in various industrial uses, such as glassmaking and chip manufacturing. It exhibits special chemical traits that make it beneficial in producing long-lasting, heat-resistant materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron |
Photovoltaic mounting system | A solar panel mounting system securely supports photovoltaic modules, ensuring ideal tilt and alignment for best sunlight exposure. It is designed to withstand external conditions while providing a solid and long-lasting foundation for solar energy installations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_mounting_system |
Solar power plant | A solar power plant harnesses sunlight using vast collections of photovoltaic panels to create renewable electricity. It offers an eco-friendly energy source, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and decreasing greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plant |
Agrivoltaics | Agrivoltaics is the combined approach of using land for both solar power production and farming, maximizing space and resources. This approach enhances crop production while simultaneously creating renewable energy, fostering sustainable land use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrivoltaics |
Bifacial solar cells | Bifacial solar panels are solar energy devices designed to harvest sunlight on both sides, improving overall energy output. They are usually installed in a way that enhances performance by leveraging albedo mirroring and bounced sunlight from the environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifacial_solar_cells |
Solar canopy | A solar-powered canopy is a framework that provides shade while producing electricity through integrated solar panels. It is frequently installed in parking lots, walkways, or open spaces to combine environmental benefits with functional design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_canopy |
Solar array | A solar panel setup is a collection of multiple solar modules designed to produce electricity from sunlight. It is commonly used in sustainable power systems to generate renewable, sustainable power for multiple applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_array |
Patio cover | A outdoor cover is a structure that offers shade and cover from the elements for exterior areas. It improves the usability and aesthetic appeal of a courtyard, making it a cozy space for relaxation and socializing. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio_cover |
Zenith angle | The angle measured from directly overhead is the measurement between the vertical direction directly overhead and the line of sight to a heavenly body. It is used in astronomy and meteorology to represent the position of bodies in the sky relative to an observer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_angle |
Azimuth angle | The compass bearing is a horizontal angle measured clockwise a reference heading, typically true north, to the line linking an observer to a target object. It is often used in routing, land measurement, and astrophysics to indicate the bearing of an celestial body in relation to the observer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_angle |
Occupational hazards of solar panel installation | Installing solar panels exposes workers to risks such as fall hazards and electric shocks, requiring proper safety measures. Additionally, exposure to harsh weather conditions and potential muscle strains pose significant workplace risks in solar panel setup. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_solar_panel_installation |
Cadmium telluride | CdTe is a electronic substance extensively utilized in thin-film solar panels due to its high efficiency and affordability. It exhibits excellent optical properties, making it a preferred option for photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride |
List of photovoltaics companies | An list of photovoltaics companies features the top manufacturers and suppliers focused on solar panel technology and renewable energy solutions worldwide. These companies are essential in driving solar energy integration and advancement across different markets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaics_companies |
Gigawatt | A gigawatt is a quantity of electricity equal to one billion W, used to measure large-scale power generation production and usage. It is commonly associated with generating stations, power grids, and significant energy projects worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatt |
First Solar | First Solar Inc is a international leader in photovoltaic (PV) power solutions, focused on making thin-film solar modules that offer excellent efficiency and affordable power generation. The organization is committed to eco-friendly energy development and reducing the world dependency on fossil fuels through cutting-edge solar technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Solar |
GCL System Integration Technology | GCL System Integration Technology expertise in effortlessly linking various components of factory and automated systems to boost productivity and dependability. It aims on creating cutting-edge solutions that promote efficient communication and interoperability among diverse tech platforms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCL_System_Integration_Technology |
Shunfeng Photovoltaic | Shunfeng Photovoltaic is an top China's firm specializing in producing and developing solar-powered photovoltaic products and solutions. Renowned for state-of-the-art tech and eco-friendly energy programs in the the renewable energy industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunfeng_Photovoltaic |
GigaWatt | GigaWatt is a unit of energy equal to one billion W, often used to describe the ability of massive electricity generation or usage. It emphasizes the huge power scale involved in contemporary energy infrastructure and technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GigaWatt |
Experience curve effects | Experience curve effects refer to the concept where the production cost reduces as overall production grows, due to gaining knowledge and improvements achieved over time. This phenomenon highlights the importance of learned skills in cutting expenses and enhancing efficiency in industrial processes and other operations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_curve_effects |
Photovoltaics | Solar energy convert sunlight immediately into electricity through semiconductor materials, primarily silicon. This technology is a pure, green energy source that assists reduce reliance on fossil fuels and decreases greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics |
Grid parity | Grid parity occurs when the price of producing solar or wind energy becomes equal to or lower than the price of purchasing power from the power grid. Achieving Grid parity means that sustainable energy sources are economically viable with conventional fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_parity |
Mains electricity | Mains electricity acts as the standard electrical power supplied to residences and enterprises through a system of power lines, offering a dependable source of energy for numerous appliances. It typically operates at a voltage of around 120V or 230V, according to the nation, and is supplied through AC power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity |
Balance of system | Balance of system (BOS) refers to all parts of a solar power system excluding the photovoltaic panels, such as inverters, racking, wiring, and other electrical hardware. It is vital for ensuring the efficient and consistent operation of a solar energy installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_system |
Solar energy | Sunlight is absorbed from the sun's rays using solar cells to convert electricity or through solar heating systems to generate heat. It represents a sustainable, eco-friendly, and environmentally friendly power supply that reduces reliance on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy |
Applications of photovoltaics | Photovoltaics are in home, corporate, and factory environments to generate green, sustainable electricity from sunlight. They also supply remote and off-grid locations, delivering sustainable energy solutions where conventional power grids are not accessible. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_photovoltaics |
List of solar-powered products | A catalog of solar-powered goods features a range of gadgets that utilize sunlight to generate energy, encouraging environmentally friendly and sustainable living. These products include ranging from solar chargers and lights to appliances and outdoor gear, delivering flexible alternatives for power needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar-powered_products |
Photovoltaic power station | An photovoltaic power station is a installation that generates sunlight directly into electricity using photovoltaic panels. It is a sustainable energy source that supports lowering reliance on fossil fuels and decreases greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station |
Solar hybrid power systems | Solar hybrid power systems merge solar panels with alternative energy sources, such as wind or diesel generators, to deliver a reliable and efficient power supply. They optimize energy use by balancing renewable resources and backup options, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and lowering overall emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hybrid_power_systems |
Concentrated photovoltaics | Concentrated photovoltaics employ optical lenses or reflectors focusing solar radiation on high-performance solar cells, greatly increasing power output from a smaller area. This method works well in areas with direct, strong sunlight and provides an innovative way to cut expenses related to solar energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_photovoltaics |